A formerly stateless family display their newly-obtained identity documents at their home in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. © UNHCR/Didor Saidulloyev
More action is needed to resolve the plight of millions around the world who are still without citizenship, UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, urged today as it marked seven years since the launch of its #IBelong Campaign to End Statelessness.
“Significant progress has been made over the past few years, but governments must do more to close the legal and policy gaps that continue to leave millions of people stateless or allow children to be born into statelessness,” said UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Filippo Grandi.
Statelessness, or the situation of not being recognized as a citizen by any country, affects millions of people around the world. Stateless people cannot often access the most basic of rights, including being able to go to school, work legally, access health services, marry, or register the birth of a child.
Since UNHCR launched its #IBelong campaign in 2014 to raise attention and advocate for an end to global statelessness, more than 400,000 stateless people in 27 countries have acquired nationality, while tens of thousands of people across Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas now have a pathway to citizenship as a result of newly enacted legislative changes.
Over the past seven years, 29 states have acceded to the Statelessness Conventions, signalling strengthened political will to end statelessness.
“We are encouraged by this global momentum to tackle statelessness, which with concerted efforts by States, we can eradicate. But unless progress accelerates, the millions who remain deprived of a nationality will be stuck in a human rights limbo, unable to access the most basic rights,” said Grandi.
Statelessness has many causes which are typically the result of gaps or flaws in nationality laws, and how they are implemented. Discrimination – including on the basis of ethnicity, religion and gender – is a major driver of statelessness.
Because they are not recognized as citizens, stateless people are often deprived of legal rights or basic services. This leaves them politically and economically marginalized and vulnerable to discrimination, exploitation, and abuse. They may also not be able to access COVID-19 testing, treatment or vaccination, and may have little access to support or protection in the face of climate risks.
Governments hold power to enact legal and policy reforms that can help stateless people on their territory acquire citizenship or prevent statelessness from occurring in the first place, sometimes with the stroke of a pen, or a relatively simple legal change. It remains an easily avoidable and solvable issue.
UNHCR’s decade long #IBelong campaign calls on states to end statelessness by 2024.
Background notes for editors:
Worldwide, UNHCR’s statistical reporting counts 4.2 million stateless people in some 94 countries. Given that most countries do not collect any data on statelessness, the actual figure is believed to be substantially higher.
To date, 96 States are party to the 1954 UN Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, and 77 are party to the 1961 UN Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness.
Since the start of the #IBelong Campaign:
1 State, Kyrgyzstan resolved all known cases of statelessness and 11 others made progress towards resolving major situations of statelessness.
17 States have also established statelessness determination procedures to identify stateless people on their territory, with some offering a facilitated pathway to citizenship.
12 States have created processes to facilitate naturalizing stateless migrants.
14 States have amended their nationality laws to grant nationality to children born in their territory who would otherwise be stateless.
2 States have reformed their nationality laws to allow mothers to confer nationality to their children on an equal basis with fathers.
For more information on this topic, please contact:
In Geneva, Shabia Mantoo, mantoo@unhcr.org, + 41 79 337 7650
In New York, Kathryn Mahoney, mahoney@unhcr.org, +1 347 443 7646
Published by UNHCR on 04 November 2021
